Questions tagged [law-of-large-numbers]

For questions about the law of large numbers, a classical limit theorem in probability about the asymptotic behavior (in almost sure or in probability) of the average of random variables. To be used with the tags (tag:probability-theory) and (tag: limit-theorems).

The law of large number (lln) describes what happens if we perform an experiment a large number of times. It states that the average of the results obtained from a lot of trials will be close to the expected value. It also states that it will get closer to the expected value as more trials take place. The law guarantees a stable long-term results for the averages of events.

The strong law of large numbers states that the averages converge a.s., to the expected value \begin{equation*} \overline{X}_n\to \mu,~ n\to\infty . \end{equation*}

The weak law of large numbers states that the average converges in probability towards the expected value: \begin{equation*} \lim_{n\to\infty}Pr(|\overline{X}_n-\mu|>\epsilon)=0. \end{equation*}

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Does the law of large numbers apply for a single iteration?

I argued with my brother, a math teacher. He presented a situation where a doctor would perform a procedure on you with a 50% chance of success, but has done it 20 times in the past and has a 100% success rate. For me he had a 50% chance of…
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Generalisation of strong law of large numbers for kth moments

I have a quick question regarding the SLLN, and haven't been lucky enough to find the answer to this after searching on the internet but will ask on this forum: I am aware that the SLLN states that for a sequence of R.V.s the sample average…
redmonkey1
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Is there a way to calculate log of some number, let's say 2, if the base of logarithm is a very large number, say Graham's number?

Graham's number definition from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%27s_number Graham's number=G64 Of course the equation could be transformed in $\operatorname{G64}^x=2$, but I don't know how to deal with such great numbers. PS: it is just a…
user503220
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Is Strong law of Large numbers equal to pointwise convergence?

1. function pointwise convergence $\{f_n\}$ converges to $f$ pointwise on $E$ if the following equation holds, $$f(x) = \lim_{n\to\infty}f_n(x) , $$ for every $x\in E$. 2. Strong Law of Large Numbers A sequence of random variables $\{X_n\}$…
dawen
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Application of law of large numbers on $\frac{X_1^k+X_2^k+...+X_n^k}{n} \overset{p}{\to}E(X_1^k)$

I read through an example in which the author states that the following application of law of large numbers (without proof or explanation): "Let $X_1,X_2,...$ be i.i.d. random variables such that $E|X_1|^k<\infty$. Then…
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Convergence of the logarithm of a mean of random variables

Say $X$ is a chi-squared random variable with N degrees of freedom. We know that $X/N \rightarrow 1$ in probability when $N \rightarrow \infty$, due to the law of large numbers. Now define $y=log(X/M)$. (I don’t know if this matters but note that…
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