Questions tagged [matrices]

For any topic related to matrices. This includes: systems of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors (diagonalization, triangularization), determinant, trace, characteristic polynomial, adjugate and adjoint, transpose, Jordan normal form, matrix algorithms (e.g. LU, Gauss elimination, SVD, QR), invariant factors, quadratic forms, etc. For questions specifically concerning matrix equations, use the (matrix-equations) tag.

A matrix is a rectangular array of elements, usually numbers or variables, arranged in rows and columns. A matrix with $m$ rows and $n$ columns has $m \times n$ elements and is called an $m$ by $n$ matrix. Matrices are a part of .

Matrices can be added and subtracted. Furthermore, if they have compatible shapes, they can be multiplied. More precisely, given two matrices $A$ and $B$, the matrix $AB$ is defined when the number of columns of $A$ is equal to the number of rows of $B$. In particular, given a natural number $n$, any two matrices $A$ and $B$ with $n$ columns and $n$ rows can be multiplied in both ways (that is, both $AB$ and $BA$ exist).


For questions specifically concerning matrix equations, use the tag.

55954 questions
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Proof of equivalence theorem about left invertible matrices

I am taking a course in Matrix Theory and we have a theorem that states (among other things) that: The following conditions on the matrix $A$ of size $m \times n$ are equivalent: (1) A has left inverse (2) The system $Ax=b$ has at most one solution…
evading
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Solve $A^nx=b$ for an idempotent matrix

Let $$A=\begin{bmatrix}2& 3& -4\\ 0& 1 & 0\\ 0.5& 1.5 &-1\end{bmatrix},~ b=\begin{bmatrix}1\\ 0\\ 0\end{bmatrix}.$$ Show that $A$ is idempotent and solve the matrix equation $$A^nx=b$$ for each positive integer $n$.
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Matrix trace minimization and zeros

I would like to minimize and find the zeros of the function $$F(S,P) = trace(S-SP^{T}(A+ PSP^{T})^{-1}PS)$$ in respect to $S$ and $P$. $S$ is symmetric square matrix. $P$ is a rectangular matrix Could you help me? Thank you very much All the…
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What's the opposite of "main diagonal"?

This matrix has only '1's on its main diagonal: $A = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}$ But whats the opposite of main diagonal? I want to say something like: "There are only '0's on…
hardfork
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Solving matrix equation involving singular matrix

Given that $AB=AC$, $A=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 6 \\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $B=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ Find a matrix $C$ whose elements are all non-zero and is $2\times 2$ matrix. I attempt to find the inverse of $A$ but it was…
user51658
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Is there a name for a matrix formed by multiplying a column and a row?

I'm in the process of exploring Bra Ket notation. In it, I often find operators in the form $\lvert a\rangle\langle b\rvert$, which can be thought of as multiplying a row vector $a$ with a column vector $b$. This strikes me as a construction which…
Cort Ammon
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rank of $PQ$, rank of $QP$

Given that $m$ and $n$ are natural numbers and $m < n$. $P$ is an $n{\times}m$ real matrix, and $Q$ is an $m{\times}n$ real matrix. Then which of the following is/are not…
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If 2 matrices are such that $(A+B)^k=A^k+B^k$ for $k=2,3$, show that $(A+B)^m=A^m+B^m $ for all $m \in \mathbb{N}$

Let $A,B \in M_n(C) $. The matrix $A-B$ is invertible and $(A+B)^k=A^k+B^k $, $k \in {2,3} $. Prove that $(A+B)^m=A^m+B^m $ for every $m \in N $. PS. I obtained $AB+BA=0$ and $A^2B+B^2A=0$, but I need your help, please :(
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Is there a generalization of matrices that allows uncountably many entries?

For example, the matrix could have finitely many rows and columns, but each row/column has uncountably many elements and you can do the standard matrix multiplication by taking care to match up the entries with corresponding pairs of real number…
Zachary F
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Geometric multiplicities of the same eigenvalue of $A$ and of $A^T$

For a square complex/real matrix $A$, $A$ and $A^T$ have the same set of eigenvalues, each with same algebraic multiplicities, since their characteristic polynomials are the same. I wonder for each eigenvalue, are its geometric multiplicities…
Tim
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Is this matrix diagonalisable?

Let $A$ be the following matrix: $$A = \left(\begin{array}{rrr} -1 & \hphantom{-}3 & \hphantom{-}0\\ 0 & 2 & 0\\ -3 & 3 & 2 \end{array}\right).$$ I've found that the eigenvalues are -1 and 2 (multiplicity 2). However, when I try to find the…
user7087
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Singular value decomposition with zero eigenvalue.

I want to calculate the SVD ($A = U\Sigma V^*$)of $$A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$$ but $$A^TA = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$$ which has a zero…
user197848
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Does multiplying with a unitary matrix change the spectral norm of a matrix?

We know that the spectral norm of a matrix $A \in \Bbb K(n,n)$ $$\left \| A \right \| _2=\sqrt{\lambda_{\text{max}}(A^{^*}A)}$$ I need to prove that multiplying with an unitary matrix $U \in U(n)$ from the left or right does not change the value of…
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What happens to a Matrix after moving to the other side of the equal sign?

I have the following equation where each variable is a matrix that can be multiplied A * B = C I have matrix A and C but matrix B is unknown and I need to get its value the way I though about it is to make a the following B = C / A which means B =…
hamada147
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Proof of the Weighted Generalized Inverse matrix

I am having trouble understanding how to get the weighted generalized inverse of a matrix. Let me start from the beginning. Suppose $$a=Xb$$ Where $a$ is a vector with m elements, $b$ is a vector of n elements and $X$ is a matrix with mxn elements.…
Dimis
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