Questions tagged [matrices]

For any topic related to matrices. This includes: systems of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors (diagonalization, triangularization), determinant, trace, characteristic polynomial, adjugate and adjoint, transpose, Jordan normal form, matrix algorithms (e.g. LU, Gauss elimination, SVD, QR), invariant factors, quadratic forms, etc. For questions specifically concerning matrix equations, use the (matrix-equations) tag.

A matrix is a rectangular array of elements, usually numbers or variables, arranged in rows and columns. A matrix with $m$ rows and $n$ columns has $m \times n$ elements and is called an $m$ by $n$ matrix. Matrices are a part of .

Matrices can be added and subtracted. Furthermore, if they have compatible shapes, they can be multiplied. More precisely, given two matrices $A$ and $B$, the matrix $AB$ is defined when the number of columns of $A$ is equal to the number of rows of $B$. In particular, given a natural number $n$, any two matrices $A$ and $B$ with $n$ columns and $n$ rows can be multiplied in both ways (that is, both $AB$ and $BA$ exist).


For questions specifically concerning matrix equations, use the tag.

55954 questions
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How can I divide by a matrix?

I can multiply a vector by a matrix like so: $$\begin{pmatrix}a\\ b \\ c\end{pmatrix}\cdot\begin{pmatrix}d & e & f \\ g & h & i \\ j & k & l \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} ad + be + cf \\ ag + bh + ci \\ aj + bk + al\end{pmatrix},$$ but how do I…
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Matrices: Anyone have a real-life problem that uses matrices / linear systems of equations?

Looking for something beyond a contrived textbook problem concerning jelly beans. Not just matrix manipulation for it's own sake. I know matrix math is used in real life applications (finance, science, manufacturing, optimizing, etc) ... to solve…
JackOfAll
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Computation of a matrix exponential for general dimensions

Originally I wanted to prove something else then I hit on this question that I find quite interesting but I don't know how to prove it elegantly. Let $$J=\begin{pmatrix} 0 & I \\ -I & 0 \end{pmatrix}$$ with I the identity matrix in an…
Cahn
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Find matrix dimensions satisfying a strange condition.

I came across this question and was wondering how it could be proven. Find all pairs $(m,n)$ of positive integers for which there exists an $m\times n$ matrix $A$ and an $n\times m$ matrix $B$, both with real entries, such that all diagonal entries…
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Power iteration method for computing the largest eigen value

I am trying to self learn the Power Iteration algorithm for computing the largest eigen vector and eigen value. I understood that the algorithm works as follows. Assume we are trying to find the largest eigen vector of matrix $A$ of dimention…
Henry
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If $AA^{T}

Since $AA^{T}
Y.Lee
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Find area of parallelogram with matrix vertices

Let ${v} = \begin{pmatrix} 5 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix}$ and ${w} = \begin{pmatrix} 11 \\ -2 \end{pmatrix}$. Find the area of the parallelogram with vertices ${0}$, ${v}$, ${w}$, and $v + {w}$. What is the best way to start this? Thanks
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Multiply inverse of matricies

Let ${A}$ be a $2 \times 2$ matrix such that ${A}$ * $\begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -8 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} \quad \text{and} \quad {A} * \begin{pmatrix} 5 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1…
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linear independence of normal matrix's eigenvectors

We know that a normal matrix will have, or can be made to have (by orthogonalization, if not all its eigenvalues are distinct), orthogonal eigenvectors. This means that they are also linearly independent (i.e. they form a basis for the vector space…
user135626
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A special matrix

In matrix $\textbf{A}=[a_{kj}]_{K\times K}$, each elemtent on the main diagonal is $a_{kk}=1$. Other elements is $0\leq a_{kj}\leq1$. Besides, each non-diagonal elements satisfies $a_{kj}\geq a_{kl}a_{lj}, \forall l$. $K$ is not so large, i.e.,…
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Eigenvectors of a matrix with complex entries

I'm trying to prove that if $\vec{z}$ is an eigenvector of a matrix $A$ with complex entries, then $\bar{\vec{z}}$ is an eigenvector of $\bar{A}$. My approach: $A\vec{z}=\lambda\vec{z} \implies \bar{A}\bar{\vec{z}} = \overline{A\vec{z}} =…
sequence
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How to prove $\sum_{i,j}y_{i}^{T}y_{j} W_{i,j}=tr(Y^{T}WY)$

How to prove $\sum_{i,j}\mathbf{y_{i}}^{T}\mathbf{y_{j}} \mathbf{W_{i,j}}=tr(Y^{T}WY)$, where $Y,W\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times n}, Y=[y_{1},y_{2},...,y_{n}]$? I know that $\mathrm{tr}(X^{\rm T}Y)=\sum_{i,j}X_{i,j} Y_{i,j}$, but have no idea about the…
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Matrix probability question

In a book I have been reading recently a question as follows came up as a problem and I am unsure how to solve it: Two quantities are represented by the matrices $$ \text{M = } \left[\begin{array}{rrr} 3 & 0 & -i \\ 0 & 1 & 0\\ …
Joshua
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A question about the positive definite matrices and condition number

Let $A=LDL^T$ be a symmetric positive definite matrix, where $L$ is a unit lower triangular matrix, and $D=\textrm{diag}(d_{ii}).$ Show that $$\textrm{Cond}_2(A) \geq \frac{\max (d_{ii})}{\min (d_{ii})}.$$
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Area of an ellipse.

I need to find the area of the image of a circle centred at the origin with radius 3 under the transformation: $ \begin{pmatrix} 3 & 0\\ 0 & \frac{1}{3} \end{pmatrix} $ The image is the ellipse $ \frac{x^2}{81}+y^2=1$. It would appear that it has…
bibo_extreme
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