Questions tagged [matrices]

For any topic related to matrices. This includes: systems of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors (diagonalization, triangularization), determinant, trace, characteristic polynomial, adjugate and adjoint, transpose, Jordan normal form, matrix algorithms (e.g. LU, Gauss elimination, SVD, QR), invariant factors, quadratic forms, etc. For questions specifically concerning matrix equations, use the (matrix-equations) tag.

A matrix is a rectangular array of elements, usually numbers or variables, arranged in rows and columns. A matrix with $m$ rows and $n$ columns has $m \times n$ elements and is called an $m$ by $n$ matrix. Matrices are a part of .

Matrices can be added and subtracted. Furthermore, if they have compatible shapes, they can be multiplied. More precisely, given two matrices $A$ and $B$, the matrix $AB$ is defined when the number of columns of $A$ is equal to the number of rows of $B$. In particular, given a natural number $n$, any two matrices $A$ and $B$ with $n$ columns and $n$ rows can be multiplied in both ways (that is, both $AB$ and $BA$ exist).


For questions specifically concerning matrix equations, use the tag.

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Writing a matrix as sum of outer products

Outer product is defined as $\langle a,b \rangle = a b^T$ where $a, b \in \mathbb{R}^{n\times1}$. We have an $n \times n $ matrix $A$ whose entries are given by $a_{j,j+1}=1$ and all other elements are 0. For example, $$ A = \left[\begin{matrix} 0 &…
Satish
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Is there any term or concept that defines a matrix being composed by other matrices with one dimension less?

The question has arisen from multidimensional arrays comparisons. I will describe those operations using the library NumPy. In case that library is not known by someone, please check this article in the Nature Magazine, which shows the importance of…
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Complete the Matrix

The eigenvectors of A (corresponding to the eigenvalue 2) = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ -1 & 4 \\ \end{bmatrix} can be solved by solving the matrix equation: Here is my working: My answers were $4$ and $-1/2$ which were apparently wrong,…
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Explicit formula for square root of a $3\times3$ positive definite matrix

I have an algorithm for calibrating a vector magnetometer. The input is $N$ readings of the $x$, $y$, $z$ axes: $(x_1, x_2, \dots, x_N)$, $(y_1, y_2, \dots, y_n)$, and $(z_1, z_2, \dots, z_N)$. The algorithm fits an ellipsoid to the data by…
Obromios
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Determine all positive integer pairs $ (m, n) $

Let $ GL_2 (\mathbb {R}) $ be the set of matrices $ 2 $ x $ 2 $ invertible with real elements. Determine all positive integer pairs $ (m, n) $ with the following property: if $ A, B \in GL_2 (\mathbb {R}) $ are such that $ A \cdot B ^ m = B ^ m…
trombho
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How do I solve for z for this inverse matrix?

How do I go about solving this for z? $$ \begin{pmatrix} a & b & c \\ 1 & 2 & 3 \\ d & e & f \\ \end{pmatrix} ^{-1}= \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ x & y & z \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ \end{pmatrix} $$
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Is this true for integers matrices $A=XA’Y$

Let be $A$ a matrix with integer entries. Prove that there are some matrices $X, Y$ with integer entries and having $\det (X), \det(Y)$ equal to $1$ or $-1$ such that $$A=XA’Y$$ where $$ A’=\begin{pmatrix} a_1 & 0 & \ldots & 0\\ 0& a_2& \ldots & 0\\…
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Find non-singular matrices P and Q such that PAQ is in the normal form for the matrix A.

$A= \left[ \begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 2 & 3 & -2 \\ 2 & -2 & 1 & 3 \\ 3 & 0 & 4 & 1 \end{array} \right]$ $A=IAI$ $\left[ \begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 2 & 3 & -2 \\ 2 & -2 & 1 & 3 \\ 3 & 0 & 4 & 1 \end{array} \right]$ = $\left[ \begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 0 & 0…
HOLYBIBLETHE
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$\left( {\begin{array}{ccc|c} 3 & 1 & 3 & 3 \\ 4 & 4a & 2a & 3 \\ 2 & 2 & 2a & 1 \end{array} } \right) a \in \mathbb Z_5$

$\left( {\begin{array}{ccc|c} 3 & 1 & 3 & 3 \\ 4 & 4a & 2a & 3 \\ 2 & 2 & 2a & 1 \end{array} } \right) a \in \mathbb Z_5$ I would need advice on how to proceed with this example. I need to find and those for which the equation has no solution. I…
user886716
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Is it more common to use $n \times m$ or $m \times n$ for matrices?

I've seen both versions for representing the number of rows by the number of columns of a matrix. I've always used $n \times m$, but I feel like I more often see $m \times n$. Is there some well known standard that people typically follow?
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Solution to matrix equation with exponentials

Assuming $$ A, M \in \mathcal{R}^{n \times n } $$ with A, M being invertible. Could someone tell me if it is possible to find a closed form solution for the matrix $M$ in the following equation and if so, provide me with some hints on how to obtain…
Sal
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Can we say that this matrix is in row reduced echelon form?

Can we say that this matrix is in row reduced echelon form? \begin{bmatrix}1&0&0&3&1\\0&0&1&0&0\\0&0&0&0&1\\0&0&0&0&0\end{bmatrix} I know that, it has leading numbers as 1 and other rows are zeros. Is there a rule to have columns which have all…
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Equivalent of row echelon transform for a "3D matrix" (3D version of "Lights Out")

Is there an equivalent to the row-echelon transform (and by extension, the reduced row-echelon transform) for a "3D matrix", or more generally an "n-dimensional matrix"? I want to say "Rank 3 tensor" but from what little I know about them I know…
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how to determine a transformation matrix for transforming x and y with specific equation?

I need to determine a matrix that can be used to: a) transform $x$ and $y$ using equations $$ \left\{ \begin{array}{c} x'=3x + 4y \\ y'=-x + 2y \\ \end{array} \right. $$ Then I need to: b) Transform a triangle $(0,0),(1,0),(1,1)$ using this…
Mr. Engineer
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Matrices Multiplication $AB + BC = D$

Suppose I have the following equation $AB + BC=D$, where $A$, $C$, and $D$ are known, how can I derive the solution for $B$?