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1500 questions
73
votes
1 answer

Is $\sqrt1+\sqrt2+\dots+\sqrt n$ ever an integer?

Related: Can a sum of square roots be an integer? Except for the obvious cases $n=0,1$, are there any values of $n$ such that $\sum_{k=1}^n\sqrt k$ is an integer? How does one even approach such a problem? (This is not homework - just a problem I…
73
votes
3 answers

How does a calculator calculate the sine, cosine, tangent using just a number?

Sine $\theta$ = opposite/hypotenuse Cosine $\theta$ = adjacent/hypotenuse Tangent $\theta$ = opposite/adjacent In order to calculate the sine or the cosine or the tangent I need to know $3$ sides of a right triangle. $2$ for each corresponding…
themhz
  • 1,223
73
votes
4 answers

Why it is important to write a function as sum of even and odd functions?

For the function $f(x)$ we can write it as sum of even and odd functions: $$f(x)=\underbrace{\frac{f(x)+f(-x)}{2}}_{\text{Even}}+\underbrace{\frac{f(x)-f(-x)}{2}}_{\text{Odd}}$$ My question is why it is important for us to write a function as sum of…
Etemon
  • 6,437
73
votes
5 answers

Why do engineers use derivatives in discontinuous functions? Is it correct?

I am a Software Engineering student and this year I learned about how CPUs work, it turns out that electronic engineers and I also see it a lot in my field, we do use derivatives with discontinuous functions. For instance in order to calculate the…
73
votes
6 answers

$1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 \ldots = -1$ paradox

I puzzled two high school Pre-calc math teachers today with a little proof (maybe not) I found a couple years ago that infinity is equal to -1: Let x equal the geometric series: $1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 \ldots$ $x = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 \ldots$ Multiply…
Christian
  • 841
73
votes
5 answers

Can someone explain the Yoneda Lemma to an applied mathematician?

I have trouble following the category-theoretic statement and proof of the Yoneda Lemma. Indeed, I followed a category theory course for 4-5 lectures (several years ago now) and felt like I understood everything until we covered the Yoneda Lemma,…
Chris Taylor
  • 28,955
73
votes
2 answers

Numerical phenomenon. Who can explain?

I was doing some software engineering and wanted to have a thread do something in the background to basically just waste CPU time for a certain test. While I could have done something really boring like for(i < 10000000) { j = 2 * i }, I ended up…
Jake Mirra
  • 3,198
73
votes
16 answers

Why can a real number be defined as a Dedekind cut, that is, as a set of rational numbers?

I don't know if my textbook is written poorly or I'm dumb. But I can't bring myself to understand the following definition. A real number is a cut, which parts the rational numbers into two classes. Let $\mathbb{R}$ be the set of cuts. A cut is a…
God bless
  • 2,049
73
votes
15 answers

Solving $DEF+FEF=GHH$, $KLM+KLM=NKL$, $ABC+ABC+ABC=BBB$

She visits third class and is $8$ years old (you can imagine how ashamed I felt when I said so to her). I helped her with lots of maths stuff today already but this is very unknowable for me. Sorry it's in German but I have translated it :) It's…
cnmesr
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73
votes
4 answers

How to know if a point is inside a circle?

Having a circle with the centre $(x_c, y_c)$ with the radius $r$ how to know whether a point $(x_p, y_p)$ is inside the circle?
Ivan
  • 939
73
votes
9 answers

What is the most expensive item I could buy with £50?

I was set the following question during the discrete mathematics module of my degree and despite my instructor explaining his working to me I still disagree with the answer he says is correct. Can someone please help me either understand where my…
Sam
  • 788
73
votes
8 answers

Is linear algebra laying the foundation for something important?

I'm majoring in mathematics and currently enrolled in Linear Algebra. It's very different, but I like it (I think). My question is this: What doors does this course open? (I saw a post about Linear Algebra being the foundation for Applied…
Mallory
  • 1,187
73
votes
8 answers

Why does this "miracle method" for matrix inversion work?

Recently, I answered this question about matrix invertibility using a solution technique I called a "miracle method." The question and answer are reproduced below: Problem: Let $A$ be a matrix satisfying $A^3 = 2I$. Show that $B = A^2 - 2A + 2I$ is…
David Zhang
  • 8,835
73
votes
2 answers

Representing every positive rational number in the form of $(a^n+b^n)/(c^n+d^n)$

About a month ago, I got the following : For every positive rational number $r$, there exists a set of four positive integers $(a,b,c,d)$ such that $$r=\frac{a^\color{red}{3}+b^\color{red}{3}}{c^\color{red}{3}+d^\color{red}{3}}.$$ For $r=p/q$…
mathlove
  • 139,939
73
votes
3 answers

Is $ 0.112123123412345123456\dots $ algebraic or transcendental?

Let $$x=0.112123123412345123456\dots $$ Since the decimal expansion of $x$ is non-terminating and non-repeating, clearly $x$ is an irrational number. Can it be shown whether $x$ is algebraic or transcendental over $\mathbb{Q}$ ? I think $x$ is…
ASB
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