For example; an 8-bit variable can have 255 total values. 255 squared is 65,025, but the amount of total values for a 16-bit variable is 65,536. Where do these extra 511 values come from?
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Actually an 8 bit variable can have $2^8=256$ values and a $16$ bit one can have $2^{16}=65536=256^2$ different values.
Ross Millikan
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