Given
$$\begin{gathered}
F:{\mathbb{R}^2} \to {\mathbb{R}^2} \hfill \\
F(x,y) = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
1&2 \\
2&1
\end{array}} \right)\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{{x^2}} \\
{{y^2}}
\end{array}} \right) = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{{x^2} + 2{y^2}} \\
{2{x^2} + {y^2}}
\end{array}} \right) \hfill \\
\end{gathered}$$
Then:
$$\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{{x^2}} \\
{{y^2}}
\end{array}} \right) = \frac{1}{3}\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{ - 1}&2 \\
2&{ - 1}
\end{array}} \right)\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
u \\
v
\end{array}} \right) = \frac{1}{3}\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{ - u + 2v} \\
{2u - v}
\end{array}} \right)$$
That is:
$$\begin{gathered}
x = \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}\sqrt { - u + 2v} \hfill \\
y = \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}\sqrt {2u - v} \hfill \\
\end{gathered}$$
Now we have a map:
$$\begin{gathered}
G:{\mathbb{R}^2} \to {\mathbb{R}^2} \hfill \\
G(u,v) = \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{\sqrt { - u + 2v} } \\
{\sqrt {2u - v} }
\end{array}} \right) \hfill \\
\end{gathered} $$
with property:
$$\begin{gathered}
G(F(x,y)) = \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{\sqrt { - ({x^2} + 2{y^2}) + 2(2{x^2} + {y^2})} } \\
{\sqrt {2({x^2} + 2{y^2}) - (2{x^2} + {y^2})} }
\end{array}} \right) \hfill \\
= \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{\sqrt { - {x^2} - 2{y^2} + 4{x^2} + 2{y^2}} } \\
{\sqrt {2{x^2} + 4{y^2} - 2{x^2} - {y^2})} }
\end{array}} \right) \hfill \\
= \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{\sqrt {3{x^2}} } \\
{\sqrt {3{y^2}} }
\end{array}} \right) = \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{\sqrt 3 x} \\
{\sqrt 3 y}
\end{array}} \right) = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
x \\
y
\end{array}} \right) \hfill \\
\end{gathered} $$
But that means:$$(G \circ F)(x,y) = (x,y)$$
$G$ is called the inverse map for $F$.
And the other truth:
$$(F \circ G)(u,v) = (u,v)$$
works the same way.$F$ is called the inverse map for $G$