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I learned about complex numbers after I was trying to create a fractal object.

The main problem is that I have an equation with complex numbers and I have to separate their parts (real & imaginary) to calculate the next iteration.

Some equations like the $f(p) = p^2 + c$ are obviously and easy to solve them. But some of them are using the exponential form of the complex numbers, that really bothers me.

Take for example this equation: \begin{equation*} F(P) = c*e^{-p} + p*p~\text{Where}~c = u + v*i~\text{and}~p = a + b*i. \end{equation*} I solved it partly by this way - express $e^{-p}$ like $1 / (e^a \ast (\cos(b) + \sin(b) * i))$ and so on... But in the end I couldn't see the relation to separate the groups.

Any help and advice how to proceed in this or similar case will be greatly appreciated.

  • You're almost finished, you can simplify $e^{-p}$ to $e^{a}(\cos(b)-i\sin(b))$. Just multiply the top and bottom of $e^{-p}$ by $(\cos(b)-i\sin(b))$. After that, just collect the terms from $p^2$ – user222031 May 18 '15 at 12:04
  • @user3845133 complex question with a complex answer! :) – Jan Eerland May 19 '15 at 16:22

1 Answers1

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\begin{equation*} F(P) = c*e^{-p} + p*p~\text{Where}~c = u + v*i~\text{and}~p = a + b*i. \end{equation*}

\begin{equation*} F(P) = e^{-p}(c+e^p*p^2)~\text{Where}~c = u + v*i~\text{and}~p = a + b*i. \end{equation*}

\begin{equation*} F(P) = \frac{1}{e^p}(c+e^p*p^2)~\text{Where}~c = u + v*i~\text{and}~p = a + b*i. \end{equation*}

\begin{equation*} F(P) = \frac{(c+e^p*p^2)}{e^p}~\text{Where}~c = u + v*i~\text{and}~p = a + b*i. \end{equation*}

\begin{equation*} F(P) = \frac{c}{e^p}+p^2~\text{Where}~c = u + v*i~\text{and}~p = a + b*i. \end{equation*}

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$$F(P)=\frac{u+vi}{e^{a+bi}}+(a+bi)^2=$$ $$F(P)=e^{-a-bi}(u+vi)+(a+bi)^2$$ $$F(P)=e^{|-a-bi|e^{\arg(-a-bi)i}}(u+vi)+(a+bi)^2=$$ $$F(P)=e^{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}e^{\arg(-a-bi)i}}(u+vi)+(a+bi)^2=$$

$$F(P)=\left|e^{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}e^{\arg(-a-bi)i}}(u+vi)\right|e^{\arg\left(e^{-a-bi}(u+vi)\right)i}+\left(\left|a+bi\right|e^{\arg\left(a+bi\right)i}\right)^2=$$

$$F(P)=\left(\sqrt{u^2+v^2}e^{\Im(b)-\Re(a)}\right)e^{\arg\left(e^{-a-bi}(u+vi)\right)i}+\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}e^{\arg\left(a+bi\right)i}\right)^2=$$

$$F(P)=\left(\sqrt{u^2+v^2}e^{\Im(b)-\Re(a)}\right)e^{\arg\left(e^{-a-bi}(u+vi)\right)i}+(a^2+b^2)e^{2\arg\left(a+bi\right)i}=$$

SO:

$$\Re=(a^2+b^2)\cosh(2\arg(a+bi))+\sqrt{u^2+v^2}e^{\Im(b)-\Re(a)}\cosh(\arg(e^{-a-bi}(u+vi)))$$ $$\Im=\left((a^2+b^2)\sinh(2\arg(a+bi))+\sqrt{u^2+v^2}e^{\Im(b)-\Re(a)}\sinh(\arg(e^{-a-bi}(u+vi)))\right)i$$

Jan Eerland
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