3

In $\mathbb{Z}_4$, $1$, $2$, $3$ are all units and nilpotents in additive operation; but only 1, 3 are units and 2 is nilpotent in multiplicative operation. I did some experiments like polynomial combination that I might work out a way to prove this, but its complicated. Is there a better way to show this?

Arturo Magidin
  • 398,050
Shannon
  • 1,323

1 Answers1

5

Establish the following hints.

Hint 1. If $a$ is nilpotent, then $1+a$ is a unit.

Hint 2. If $a$ is nilpotent, then $ab$ is nilpotent for any $b$ that commutes with $a$ and such that $ab\neq 0$.

Arturo Magidin
  • 398,050