We have a dartboard with radius $1$, the dart will always hit the dartboard. The hitting point of the dart is uniformly distributed, with a stochastic vector $(X,Y)$. Now I want to determine the probability mass and density function.
Say $A=\{(x,y): x^2 + y^2 \leq 1\}$. So $f_{X,Y}(x,y) = 0$ if $(x,y) \notin A$ and $f_{X,Y}(x,y) = c $ if $(x,y) \in A$. Now: \begin{align} \int \int f_{X,Y}(x,y) dx dy = \int\int\limits_A = \text{area } A \cdot c = 1. \end{align} So $1=2\pi \cdot c$ and $c=\frac{1}{2\pi}$. We found that $f_{X,Y}(x,y)=\frac{1}{2\pi}$. Now I am interested in $f_X(x)$ and $F_X(x)$. For the first one we can say that: \begin{align} f_X(x) = \int\limits_{-1}^1 \frac{1}{2\pi} dy = \frac{1}{\pi}. \end{align} But how to find $F_X(x)$? We have to integrate over $x$ and $y$ but how to deal with the restrictions of $A$?