Do you mean that no matter the number of zombies the zombies can convert one villager per second, or that each zombie can convert a villager per second?
Let t be the number of seconds that have transpired, V(t) the number of villagers at t seconds, and Z(t) be the number of zombies at t seconds. Note that the number of overall people does not change so in general $V(t)+Z(t)=11$
If you mean that the zombies together can convert one villager per second, you are right and it is a linear map.
At t=0 there is one zombie and 10 villagers,
after each second there is one less villager and one more zombie so you get the following chart
\begin{array}{ccc}
t & Z(t) & V(t) \\
0 & 1 & 10\\
1&2&9\\
2&3&8\\
3&4&7\\
4&5&6\\
5&6&5\\
6&7&4\\
7&8&3\\
8&9&2\\
9&10&1\\
10&11&0
\end{array}
Thus your equations are $Z(t)=t+1$ and $V(t)=11-(t+1)=10-t$, linear equations.
However if each Zombie can convert a villager per second, you are right and the slope does change. (Note that even if they all attack one person together, this would just mean that n Zombies could convert n people in n seconds). After one second the 1 Zombie turns into 2 Zombies. After 2 seconds the 2 zombies turn into 2x2=4 zombies. You get the following chart:
\begin{array}{ccc}
t & Z(t) & V(t) \\
0 & 1 & 10\\
1&2&9\\
2&4&7\\
3&8&3\\
4&11&0\\
\end{array}
This is actually an exponential map, we have $Z(t)=2^t$ and $V(t)=11-2^t$
Also one last, note. This expression will not work for the last value in the chart. We would expect there to be 16 zombies, but they run out of people to convert.