I try to reduce my problem to the following question, which is stated rather sloppy (without possibly necessary additional conditions).
Let $Y_t$ be a real stochastic process for $t \in [0, T]$ and $\mathscr{F}_t$ some filtration. Does there exist a random variable $X$ such that $$Y_t = E [ X | \mathscr{F}_t ] \quad \text{ a.s.} $$ for all $t \in [0, T]$?
If this is true, can $X$ be explicitly given in terms of $Y_t$ in some way?