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Problem: If $q$ is an integer that can be expressed as the sum of integer squares,show that both $2q$ and $5q$ can also be espressed as the sum of two integer squares.

Nameless
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2 Answers2

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If $q=a^2+b^2$, then $(a+b)^2+(a-b)^2=2q$.

For $5q$, use (a special case of) Brahmagupta's identity: $$(x^2+y^2)(a^2+b^2)=(ax-by)^2+(ay+bx)^2$$

Bernard
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For $5q$, we can write it as

$$(a+2b)^2 + (2a-b)^2=a^2+4ab+4b^2+4a^2-4ab+b^2$$ $$=5a^2+5b^2=5 (a^2+b^2)=5 q$$

We only need to prove that $a+2b$ and $2a-b$ are integers.

QC_QAOA
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