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I am trying to find the genetic distance between two DNA sequences using Kimura (K80) model, and the formula contains natural logarithm, after calculating the required Q and P's needed, my solution looks like this: Click Here Since, natural logarithm of a negative number does not exist, how can I solve that equation?

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  • I am not sure about the calculations but $\ln(a) + ln(b) = \ln (a \cdot b)$, in your case both $a$ and $b$ a negatives making $a \cdot b$ positive. – rtybase Oct 08 '15 at 18:22

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maybe use that for $x<0$: $$ln(x) = i\pi + ln(|x|)$$

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