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I was trying to prove this. Have problems to "pull apart" the first sum to put it down to the induction base (n - 1). Base and step are otherwise clear. Could you please help me?

isindia
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  • Maybe you could type out the argument you tried so we can see how you might complete the proof. – SamM Nov 29 '15 at 21:44
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    Don't use induction for this. – Caleb Stanford Nov 29 '15 at 21:45
  • I have to...

    Tried: Base: $n=1$ : $$\sum_{k=1}^{2} k = 1 + 2 = 3 * 1 = 3 \sum_{k=1}^1 k$$ Step: from $n-1$ to $n$: we know that $$\sum_{k=n-1}^{2(n-1)} k = 3 \sum_{k=1}^{n-1} k$$

    $$\sum_{k=n}^{2n} k = \sum_{k=n-1}^{2(n-1)} k + 2n-1 + 3n + n = ?????$$

    Otherwise I thought that I need something like $$3 \sum_{k=1}^n k = 3 (\sum_{k=1}^(n-1) k + n) = 3 sum_{k=1}^(n-1) k + 3n$$

    – isindia Nov 29 '15 at 21:48
  • Does it help knowing that $$ \sum_{k=1}^n k = \frac{n(n+1)}{2} $$? – amcerbu Nov 29 '15 at 21:48
  • Hint: For the induction step: $\sum_{n+1}^{2n+2} k=\sum_{n}^{2n} k +\left((2n+1)+(2n+2)-n\right)=\sum_n^{2n}k +3(n+1)$. – André Nicolas Nov 29 '15 at 21:52
  • André! Too simple :D THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!! – isindia Nov 29 '15 at 21:56
  • Also, you do not need complete induction - regular induction from n-1 to n works just fine. – marty cohen Nov 29 '15 at 22:04

2 Answers2

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Let's do an induction proof, using the hint of @André Nicolas :

  • Initialisation : For $n=1$ you have $\sum_{k=1}^2k=3=3\cdot\sum_{k=1}^1k.$
  • Heredity : Suppose the result is true for $n\in\mathbb{N}^*$ and let's show it is true for $n+1.$ You have that $$\sum_{k=n+1}^{2(n+1)}k=\sum_{k=1}^{2n}k+2n+1+2n+2-n=3\cdot\sum_{k=1}^nk+3n+3=3\cdot\sum_{k=1}^{n+1}k$$ and you get your result.
Balloon
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A slight variation:

Suppose $\sum_{k=n-1}^{2(n-1)} k - 3 \sum_{k=1}^{n-1} k = 0 $.

Then

$\begin{array}\\ \sum_{k=n}^{2n} k - 3 \sum_{k=1}^{n} k &=(\sum_{k=n-1}^{2(n-1)} k-(n-1)+2n-1+2n - 3 (\sum_{k=1}^{n-1} k+n)\\ &=\sum_{k=n-1}^{2(n-1)} k-\sum_{k=1}^{n-1} k+ (-(n-1)+2n-1+2n - 3 k)\\ &=0+0\\ &=0\\ \end{array} $

and we are done.

marty cohen
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