What is the span of $(1, 1, 1), (0, -1, 1), (0, 0, -1) \in \mathbb R^3$?
Supposing we haven't covered linear in/dependence, can we solve the problem as done below?
The span is a set of all systems:
$$ \left\{ \begin{array}{c} a+b\cdot 0 + c\cdot 0 \\ a-b + c \cdot 0 \\ a+b -c \end{array} \right. $$
where $a, b, c \in \mathbb R$.
Suppose $(x, y, z) \in \mathbb R^3$ and
$$ \left\{ \begin{array}{c} a+b\cdot 0 + c\cdot 0 = x \\ a-b + c \cdot 0 = y\\ a+b -c = z \end{array} \right. $$
Then $b = x – y$ and $c = x + x – y – z = 2x -y – z$.
So,
$x(1, 1, 1) + (x – y)(0, -1, 1) + (2x -y – z)(0, 0, -1)$
$= (x, x, x) + (0, y – x, x – y) + (0, 0, -2x + y + z)$
$= (x, y, z)$
Thus the given set of vectors spans $\mathbb R^3$.