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The problem is

Suppose for three distinct complex numbers $a, b, c$ such that $|a|=|b|=|c|>0$ all of the three numbers $a+bc, b+ac, c+ab$ are purely real. Prove that $abc=1$

By playing with the identities, I came up with a solution. Let $|a|=|b|=|c|=r$. Then $a+bc$ is real iff:

$$a+bc=\overline{a}+\overline{bc}=\frac{r^2}{abc}\left(bc+r^2a\right)\tag1$$

Thus,

$$\frac{r^2}{abc} = \frac{a^2+abc}{r^2a^2+abc}=\frac{b^2+abc}{abc+r^2b^2}=\frac{c^2+abc}{abc+r^2c^2} \tag2$$

where $(2)$ is obtained by simply solving $(1)$ for $\frac{r^2}{abc}$ and multiplying the denominator and numerator of the fraction obtained by $a$.

Rewriting $(2)$, using the properties of ratios:

$$\frac{r^2}{abc} = \frac{a^2+abc}{r^2a^2+abc}=\frac{b^2+abc}{abc+r^2b^2}=\frac{(a^2+abc)-(b^2+abc)}{(a^2r^2+abc)-(b^2r^2+abc)}=\frac{1}{r^2}$$

which gives $r^4=abc$. Taking the modulus of both sides gives $r^4=r^3$ which implies $r=1$ and so $abc=1$.

I hit upon this solution after an hour or so of trying and even that was by blind luck. Even after solving this, I can't understand the motivation behind the solution and why this particular way of manipulation succeeded.

Is there any intuition behind this solution? Why does this particular method work?

Gerard
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    Sorry, why can't we just take $a,b,c=2$ (or any other real number). – lulu Jan 24 '16 at 17:53
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    @lulu That's true, but it's a bit of a degenerate case: you get a $0/0$ cancellation in the last equation. I think it can be excluded by just requiring $a,b,c$ to be distinct (which also prevents them from all being real). This causes ${a^2,b^2,c^2}$ to take at least 2 distinct values, which should allow the argument to go through without $0/0$ cancellations. – Erick Wong Jan 24 '16 at 18:01
  • @ErickWong Makes sense. – lulu Jan 24 '16 at 18:05
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    @lulu: I'm sorry. I forgot to mention (as Erick Wong has already pointed out) that the complex numbers should be distinct. – Gerard Jan 24 '16 at 18:42

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