If you already know the coordinates of the four locations
where the players can be displayed,
and just need to determine which player to show in which location,
number the locations $0, 1, 2, 3$ around the circle, starting from
the location where each player should appear on their own screen.
On the screen for player $n$, show player $m$ at position
number (m - n + 4)%4.
(The + 4 is to avoid applying % to a negative number in programming languages such as C++ or Java. It is not needed if you're programming in Python.)
[Initially-posted answer follows.]
If you wanted to compute the coordinates of each position directly,
one possibility is that the view of player $n$
shows player $m$ at the coordinates
\begin{align}
x &= x_0 - r \sin \left(\frac\pi2(m - n)\right) \\
y &= y_0 - r \cos \left(\frac\pi2(m - n)\right), \\
\end{align}
where $(x_0,y_0)$ is the center of the pattern and $r$ is the distance
from the center to each player.
This assumes $x$ is increasing to the right and
$y$ is increasing upward; if $y$ increases downward (as it does in
some computer graphics) then change the first $-$ to $+$
in the formula for $y$.
The matrix answer that you've already received is doing essentially
the same thing, if the scale of the picture is such
that $x_0 = y_0 = 0$ and $r = 1$.