I'm pretty sure there is a term for a number that has a value that matches its place in a list but my googling is failing me. For example in 4 2 2 4 1 0 the second 4 would have a special name.
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If you were to consider the sequence (list) as a function from ${1,2,\dots,n}$ to the set of possible entries in the list, then an entry in the list whose entry equals the location, you have $f(i)=i$. In this context it can be called a "fixed point," but if you weren't to make the analogy to functions in the first place, it could be confusing. – JMoravitz Jan 30 '16 at 18:08
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"The second $4$ in the list". – BrianO Jan 30 '16 at 23:49