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The 2D fourier-cosine series on $(-\pi,\pi)\times(-\pi,\pi)$ is given by \begin{equation*} f(x_1,x_2) = \sum_{n_1=0}^{\infty} \sum_{n_2=0}^{\infty} a_{n_1,n_2} \cos(n_1x_1)\cos(n_2x_2) \end{equation*} with \begin{equation*} a_{n_1,n_2} = \frac{1}{\pi^2}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} f(x_1,x_2) \cos(n_1x_1)\cos(n_2x_2) dx_1dx_2 \end{equation*} and where $a_{0,0}=\frac{1}{4}a_{0,0}$, $a_{n_1,0}=\frac{1}{2}a_{n_1,0}$ $\forall n_1\in\{1,2,\ldots\}$ and $a_{0,n_2}=\frac{1}{2}a_{0,n_2}$ $\forall n_2\in\{1,2,\ldots\}$ (re-using the coefficients for convenience).

The 3D version has the form \begin{equation*} f(x_1,x_2,x_3) = \sum_{n_1=0}^{\infty} \sum_{n_2=0}^{\infty} \sum_{n_3=0}^{\infty} a_{n_1,n_2,n_3} \cos(n_1x_1)\cos(n_2x_2)\cos(n_3x_3) \end{equation*} with \begin{equation*} a_{n_1,n_2,n_3} = \frac{1}{\pi^3}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} f(x_1,x_2,x_3) \cos(n_1x_1)\cos(n_2x_2) \cos(n_3x_3)dx_1dx_2dx_3. \end{equation*} I am not sure of the coefficients when $n_1$ or $n_2$ or $n_3$ are zero. From the form of the 1D and 2D versions I guess that they are $a_{0,0,0}=\frac{1}{8}a_{0,0,0}$, $a_{n_1,0,0}=\frac{1}{2}a_{n_1,0,0}$ $\forall n_1\in\{1,2,\ldots\}$, $a_{0,n_2,0}=\frac{1}{2}a_{0,n_2,0}$ $\forall n_2\in\{1,2,\ldots\}$ and $a_{0,0,n_3}=\frac{1}{2}a_{0,0,n_3}$ $\forall n_3\in\{1,2,\ldots\}$. Is this correct? What is the general multidimensional form for the Fourier-cosine series?

I have looked for online references of the multidimensional case but can only find it in terms of the exponential Fourier series. Cheers...

EDIT. We also have $a_{0,n_2,n_3} = \frac{1}{4}a_{0,n_2,n_3}$ for $n_2,n_3\in\{1,2,\ldots\}$, $a_{n_1,0,n_3} = \frac{1}{4}a_{n_1,0,n_3}$ for $n_1,n_3\in\{1,2,\ldots\}$ and $a_{n_1,n_2,0} = \frac{1}{4}a_{n_1,n_2,0}$ for $n_1,n_3\in\{1,2,\ldots\}$ (see answer below).

Freakalien
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1 Answers1

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Consider the M-dimensional Fourier-cosine series \begin{equation*} f(x_1,\cdots,x_M) = \sum_{n_1=0}^{\infty} \cdots \sum_{n_M=0}^{\infty} a_{n_1,\cdots,n_M} \cos(n_1x_1)\cdots\cos(n_Mx_M) \end{equation*} Multiplying both sides by $\cos(m_1x_1)\cdots\cos(m_Mx_M)$ and integrating over $(-\pi,\pi)^M$ we have by orthogonality \begin{align*} \int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\cdots\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x_1,\cdots,x_M)\cos(m_1x_1)\cdots \cos(m_Mx_M)dx_1\cdots dx_M \\ = \int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\cdots\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} a_{m_1,\cdots,m_M} \cos^2(m_1x_1) \cdots \cos^2(m_Mx_M) dx_1\cdots dx_M \end{align*} or \begin{align*} a_{m_1,\cdots,m_M} &= \frac{\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\cdots\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x_1,\cdots,x_M)\cos(m_1x_1)\cdots \cos(m_Mx_M)dx_1\cdots dx_M}{\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\cdots\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \cos^2(m_1x_1) \cdots \cos^2(m_Mx_M) dx_1\cdots dx_M} \\ &= \frac{1}{\pi^M}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\cdots\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x_1,\cdots,x_M)\cos(m_1x_1)\cdots \cos(m_Mx_M)dx_1\cdots dx_M \end{align*} for $m_1,\cdots,m_M \in\{1,2,\cdots\}$.

When, say, $m_1=0$ we have \begin{align*} a_{0,m_2,\cdots,m_M} &= \frac{\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\cdots\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x_1,\cdots,x_M)\cos(m_2x_2)\cdots \cos(m_Mx_M)dx_1\cdots dx_M}{\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\cdots\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \cos^2(m_2x_2) \cdots \cos^2(m_Mx_M) dx_1\cdots dx_M} \\ &= \frac{1}{2\pi^M}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\cdots\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x_1,\cdots,x_M)\cos(m_2x_2)\cdots \cos(m_Mx_M)dx_1\cdots dx_M. \end{align*}

When $m_1,\cdots,m_j=0$ \begin{align*} a_{0,\cdots,m_{j+1},\cdots,m_M} &= \frac{1}{2^j\pi^M}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\cdots\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x_1,\cdots,x_M)\cos(m_{j+1}x_{j+1})\cdots \cos(m_Mx_M)dx_1\cdots dx_M. \end{align*}

Then general form follows from these observations.

Freakalien
  • 229