We have:
$f(x+2h) = f(x) +2hf'(x) + 2h^2f''(x) + \frac{4h^3}{3}f'''(\zeta_1)$, where $\zeta_1 \in (x, x+2h) $
$f(x+h) = f(x) +hf'(x) + \frac{h^2}{2}f''(x) + \frac{h^3}{6}f'''(\zeta_2)$, where $\zeta_2 \in (x, x+h) $
Substituting into the formula gives :
$$\frac{f(x) +2hf'(x) + 2h^2f''(x) + \frac{4h^3}{3}f'''(\zeta_1) - 2(f(x) +hf'(x) + \frac{h^2}{2}f''(x) + \frac{h^3}{6}f'''(\zeta_2))}{h^2}$$
$$= f''(x) + \frac{4h}{3}f'''(\zeta_1) - \frac{h}{3}f'''(\zeta_2) $$
$$=f''(x) + \frac{h}{3}(4f'''(\zeta_1) - f'''(\zeta_2))$$
$$=f''(x) + \frac{h}{3}(3f'''(\zeta)), ~\zeta \in (x,x+2h)$$
$$= f''(x) + hf'''(\zeta))$$
Does this seem correct? I am unsure about combining the error terms at the end