Using homotopy it is easy to prove that (in topology) $\mathbb{R}^n\cong \mathbb{R}^m$ if and only if $n=m$. This result seems intuitively true, but, as realized very earlier and almost everyone who tries to prove it, that the proof is not so easy. Here I have two questions:
Question 1: Before invention of homotopy or homology theory, was this proved? who and how?
Question 2: Are there other proofs of this theorem now?