I'm taking a course on general relativity and I did a problem that I have now found out I have no idea how to interpret.
The surface of a paraboloid has the metric
$$ds^2=(1+r^2)dr^2+r^2d\theta^2$$
I was asked to do parallel transport of the vector $\mathbf{V}=V\hat{e_r}$ along a circle of radius $r_o$.
I know how to do the mechanics of this problem but I have these questions:
What would've happened if I wanted to transport a vector with a component along the $\mathbf{z}$ direction? The calculation of the Riemann tensor, christoffel symbols etc, assume I live in a 2D place and my indices only have 2 possible values. What would happen here?
Why exactly is it that $e_r$ is the same vector as the one in polar coordinates for Euclidean space? How does my space inherit the base vectors of a completely different space?
Perhaps my questions are really basic, but I have seen differential geometry in a very algorithmic fashion without any deep interpretation.
Thanks.