You have solved $S(k) = 3S(\frac{k}{3}) + \log_{2}k$
Now, you can use master theorem case $(1)$ :
$T(n)=a\;T\!\left({\frac {n}{b}}\right)+f(n) \space\text{where}\space
> {\displaystyle a\geq 1{\mbox{, }}b>1} $
If ${\displaystyle f(n)=O\left(n^{c}\right)} $ where ${\displaystyle
> c<\log _{b}a} $ (using big O notation)
then:
${\displaystyle T(n)=\Theta \left(n^{\log _{b}a}\right)} $
You have $a=3$, $b=3$, and $f(k)=\log_2{k}$
Therefore,
$f(k)=O(k^{\log_3{3}})$
$\implies \log_2{k}=O(k)$
Hence,
$S(k)=\Theta(k)$
Putting back $n=2^k$, we get
$T(n)=\Theta(\log_2{n})$