1

A is $n\times n$ matrix over complex numbers. Does $AA^T = A^TA$ imply that A is normal? If not what will be a counterexample?

Sushil
  • 2,821

1 Answers1

3

No this isn't true.

Recall the definition:

Let $A^* = \bar{A}^\mathrm{T}$ denote the conjugate matrix of $A$. Then $A \in \mathbb{C}^{n,n}$ is called normal if $AA^* = A^*A$.

We can easily see that the matrix (taken from here) $A = \pmatrix{ 2&i\\i&-2}$ is orthogonal because

$$AA^\mathrm{T} = \pmatrix{ 3&0\\0&3} =A^\mathrm{T}A,$$

but

$$AA^* = \pmatrix{ 5&-4i\\4i&5} \neq \pmatrix{ 5&4i\\-4i&5} = A^*A.$$