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Let $f:\mathbb{R}^2\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ be a continuous function.Define $h:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ by, $$h(x)=\int_0^x\int_0^xf(u,v)dudv$$ What will be the value of $h'(1)?$

I am getting no clue about this problem.I tried but don't know how to approach.

P.B.
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1 Answers1

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Let $h(x)$ be given by the integral

$$h(x)=\int_0^x \int_0^x f(u,v)\,du\,dv$$

Then, using Leibniz's Rule for differentiating under the integral sign, the deriviative $h'(x)$ is given by

$$\bbox[5px,border:2px solid #C0A000]{h'(x)=\int_0^x f(u,x)\,du+\int_0^x f(x,v)\,dv} \tag 1$$

To see this perhaps a bit more easily, we let $F(x,v)\equiv \int_0^x f(u,v)\,du$. Then, we can write

$$h(x)=\int_0^x F(x,v)\,dv$$

Now, using Leibniz's Rule, we see that

$$h'(x)=F(x,x)+\int_0^x \frac{\partial F(x,v)}{\partial x}\,dv \tag 2$$

Using $F(x,x)=\int_0^x f(u,x)\,du$ and $\frac{\partial F(x,v)}{\partial x}=f(x,v)$ in $(2)$ reveals that

$$\bbox[5px,border:2px solid #C0A000]{h'(x)=\int_0^x f(u,x)\,du+\int_0^x f(x,v)\,dv}$$

which agrees with the result in $(1)$.

Mark Viola
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