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What does the symbol $\leqq$ mean?

I am reading a paper on by Lehman on dependence, and here I find

“$\ldots$we compare the probability of any quadrant $X \leqq x$, $Y \leqq y$ under the distribution $F$ of $(X,Y)$ with the corresponding probability in the case of independence”.

Is $\leqq$ the same as $\leq$?

Rócherz
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January
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    @January I have no idea why this question acquired downvotes. It seems perfectly clear and potentially interesting. I haven't seen the notation before myself. I have upvoted. – Peter Woolfitt Mar 31 '17 at 08:57
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    "Is ≦ the same as ≤?" Yes. – Did Mar 31 '17 at 08:58
  • Thanks! Given that I have only basic mathematical education, I am always anxious that I miss some specific definition or meaning. The proofs are hard enough for me without this. – January Mar 31 '17 at 09:02
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    This is not a stupid question at all. Some symbols are so bizarre ! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols is a good place to visit. – Claude Leibovici Mar 31 '17 at 09:08
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    Great link! How did I miss it. Big thanks! – January Mar 31 '17 at 09:21

2 Answers2

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I would say that it is a symbol of less or equal "without contracting," which is the same as putting $\leq$

Guillemus Callelus
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it's not exactly the same by what i read on wiki, there it writes

"x ≧ y means that each component of vector x is greater than or equal to each corresponding component of vector y."

so my guess is that it would not be appropriate to use regular ≤ when talking about vectors/lists, ≤ is usually used to compare single things eg size of array but not elements of array.

you might say that if A={1,2,6,42} B={1,2,4,8} A≦B

but if A={0,2,6,42} A is NOT ≦B because A1 is NOT ≤B1

This is just my interpretation no one confirmed it, and there is some nonsense in wiki.

gytis dramblewolfskis
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    It is worth noting that the Wikipedia "list of notation" breaks things down by context. It specifically notes that in vector analysis, $\leqq$ and $\geqq$ can be understood elementwise. However, just above that entry, it notes that $\leqq$ and $\geqq$ are often used as synonyms of $\le$ and $\ge$ – Xander Henderson Sep 10 '19 at 15:05