Let $m$ be a non-prime positive integer. Under what conditions on $m$ and $f\in \Bbb Z_m[x]$ will $\Bbb Z_m[x]/(f)$ be a field/integral domain?
My obsevations:
1. When there exists some $a\in \Bbb Z$ such that f(a) (by viewing $f$ as polynomial in $\Bbb Z[x]$) is a multiple of a factor of m which are not equal to 1, then $\Bbb Z_m[x]/(f)$ cannot be a field.
2. Since any finite field must satisfy the condition that the number of elements is equal to a power of a prime number, if $f$ is a polynomial with leading coefficient being a unit in $\Bbb Z_m$ (so that division algorithm works) and m is not a power of prime, then $\Bbb Z_m[x]/(f)$ is a finite ring with $m^h$ elements, where $h=(deg(f))-1$. Then $\Bbb Z_m[x]/(f)$ cannot be a field.
3. Define the mutiplicity of a prime p in a unique factorization of an integer to be the power of p in the factorization. If m can be factored in product of prime with multiplicities 1, i.e.$$m=p_1 ...p_n$$
then $\Bbb Z_m[x]/(f)$ is isomorphic to $\Bbb Z_{p_1}[x]/(f)\times ...\times \Bbb Z_{p_n}[x]/(f)$, which is not a field.
Unfortunately I can't think of a way to deal with other cases. Any suggestions?