What is the partial derivative of $a_1x+b_1y$ with respect to $a_2x+b_2y$?
$$\frac\partial{\partial (a_2x+b_2y)}(a_1x+b_1y)$$It is zero?
What is the partial derivative of $a_1x+b_1y$ with respect to $a_2x+b_2y$?
$$\frac\partial{\partial (a_2x+b_2y)}(a_1x+b_1y)$$It is zero?
No. It is not, since the two expressions are not independent.
Say $f=a_2x+b_2y$ and $g=a_1x+b_1y$.
So, the problem now becomes, $$\frac{\partial g}{\partial f}$$ $$= \frac{\partial g}{\partial x}\cdot \frac{\partial x}{\partial f} + \frac{\partial g}{\partial y}\cdot \frac{\partial y}{\partial f}$$ $$= \frac{a_1}{a_2}+\frac{b_1}{b_2}$$
Hope this helps you.