If you know the answer is $5$, then you can guess that the $?$ is supposed to be a minus sign. Conversely, if you know that the $?$ is supposed to be a minus sign, then you can compute that the answer is $5$.
Without one piece of information or the other, you don't have much to go on. But in hindsight, you could reason as follows:
- The $?$ is a binary operator. Since there is no well-known operator rendered as a question mark, it is probably a rendering error.
- It is probably one of the elementary-school binary operators: $+$, $-$, $\times$, or $\div$ aka $/$.
- The operators $+$, $\times$, and $/$ are already used in the expression, so we know that they were able to render those symbols. But $-$ is not used elsewhere, so it remains possible that they couldn't render that symbol.
- In a silly contest of this kind, they probably wouldn't repeat a symbol. Instead, they would try to use every operation the reader might know about. Again, by elimination, this suggests $-$.
- The symbols $+$ and $/$ are part of ASCII, and they're unlikely to be corrupted. There is a hyphen "-" and a letter X in ASCII, but a true minus sign or multiplication sign is a more advanced symbol, which is more error-prone. This again suggests either $-$ or $\times$.
Considering 3, 4, and 5, you have pretty good evidence that it was supposed to be a $-$. It's enough evidence to make a best guess, at least.