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Prove that $$I(t) = \int_0^1 \frac{x\ln (1+x)}{1+x^2} \, dx= \frac{\pi^2}{96}+\frac{\ln(2)^2}{8}.$$

I tried this and broke it in a form where I can use 2nd order polylogarithm but could not proceed. This answer is confirmed by Wolfram Alpha.

Please help.

Felix Marin
  • 89,464

2 Answers2

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For $t>0$, let $$I(t) = \int_0^1 \frac{x\ln (1+tx)}{1+x^2} \, dx$$ then, we have that $$I'(t)=\int_0^1 \frac{x^2}{(1+tx)(1+x^2)} \, dx= \frac{4\ln(1+t)+2\ln(2)t^2-\pi t}{4t(1+t^2)} $$ By noting that $I(0^+)=0$, integrate with respect $t$ in order to compute $I(1)$ $$I(1)=\int_0^1\frac{\ln(1+t)}{t}dt-I(1)+\frac{\ln(2)}{2}\int_0^1\frac{t}{1+t^2}dt-\frac{\pi}{4}\int_0^1\frac{1}{1+t^2}dt$$ and we obtain $$2I(1)=\frac{\pi^2}{12}+\frac{\ln(2)^2}{4}-\frac{\pi^2}{16}\implies I(1)=\frac{\pi^2}{96}+\frac{\ln(2)^2}{8}.$$

P.S. Note that $$\int_0^1\frac{\ln(1+t)}{t}dt=\int_0^1\sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{(-t)^{n-1}}{n}dt=-\sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{(-1)^{n}}{n^2}=-\mbox{Li}_2(-1)=\frac{\pi^2}{12}.$$

Robert Z
  • 145,942
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$\newcommand{\bbx}[1]{\,\bbox[15px,border:1px groove navy]{\displaystyle{#1}}\,} \newcommand{\braces}[1]{\left\lbrace\,{#1}\,\right\rbrace} \newcommand{\bracks}[1]{\left\lbrack\,{#1}\,\right\rbrack} \newcommand{\dd}{\mathrm{d}} \newcommand{\ds}[1]{\displaystyle{#1}} \newcommand{\expo}[1]{\,\mathrm{e}^{#1}\,} \newcommand{\ic}{\mathrm{i}} \newcommand{\mc}[1]{\mathcal{#1}} \newcommand{\mrm}[1]{\mathrm{#1}} \newcommand{\pars}[1]{\left(\,{#1}\,\right)} \newcommand{\partiald}[3][]{\frac{\partial^{#1} #2}{\partial #3^{#1}}} \newcommand{\root}[2][]{\,\sqrt[#1]{\,{#2}\,}\,} \newcommand{\totald}[3][]{\frac{\mathrm{d}^{#1} #2}{\mathrm{d} #3^{#1}}} \newcommand{\verts}[1]{\left\vert\,{#1}\,\right\vert}$

$\ds{I \equiv \int_{0}^{1}{x\ln\pars{1 + x} \over 1 + x^{2}}\,\dd x = {\phantom{^{2}}\pi^{2} \over 96} + {\ln^{2}\pars{2} \over 8}:\ {\large ?}}$.

\begin{align} I & \equiv \int_{0}^{1}{x\ln\pars{1 + x} \over 1 + x^{2}}\,\dd x = \Re\int_{0}^{1}{\ln\pars{1 + x} \over x - \ic}\,\dd x = \Re\int_{-\ic}^{1 - \ic}{\ln\pars{1 + \ic + x} \over x}\,\dd x \\[5mm] & = \Re\bracks{\ln\pars{1 + \ic}\int_{-\ic}^{1 - \ic}{\dd x \over x} + \int_{-\ic}^{1 - \ic}\ln\pars{1 - {x \over -1 - \ic}}\,{\dd x \over x}} \\[5mm] & = \Re\bracks{\ln\pars{1 + \ic}\ln\pars{1 - \ic} - \ln\pars{1 + \ic}\ln\pars{-\ic} + \int_{-\ic/\pars{-1 - \ic}}^{\pars{1 - \ic}/\pars{-1 - \ic}} {\ln\pars{1 - x} \over x}\,\dd x} \\[1cm] & = \overbrace{\verts{\ln\pars{1 + \ic}}^{2}} ^{\ds{{\phantom{^{2}}\pi^{2} \over 16} + {\ln^{2}\pars{2} \over 4}}}\ -\ {\pi \over 2}\,\ \overbrace{\Im\ln\pars{1 + \ic}}^{\ds{\pi \over 4}}\ -\ \underbrace{\overbrace{\Re\mrm{Li}_{2}\pars{\ic}} ^{\ds{\Re\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}{\ic^{n} \over n^{2}} = -\,{1 \over 8}\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}{1 \over n^{2}}}}} _{\ds{-\,{\pi^{2} \over 48}}}\ +\ \Re\mrm{Li}_{2}\pars{{1 \over 2} + {1 \over 2}\,\ic} \\[5mm] & = -\,{\pi^{2} \over 24} + {\ln^{2}\pars{2} \over 4} + {1 \over 2}\braces{\mrm{Li}_{2}\pars{{1 \over 2} + {1 \over 2}\,\ic} + \mrm{Li}_{2}\pars{1 - \bracks{{1 \over 2} + {1 \over 2}\,\ic}}} \label{1}\tag{1} \end{align}

The last polyLogarithm expression can be evaluated with Euler Reflection Formula.

Namely, \begin{align} &{1 \over 2}\braces{\mrm{Li}_{2}\pars{{1 \over 2} + {1 \over 2}\,\ic} + \mrm{Li}_{2}\pars{1 - \bracks{{1 \over 2} + {1 \over 2}\,\ic}}} \\[5mm] = &\ {1 \over 2}\bracks{{\phantom{^{2}}\pi^{2} \over 6} - \ln\pars{{1 \over 2} + {1 \over 2}\,\ic} \ln\pars{{1 \over 2} - {1 \over 2}\,\ic}} = {\pi^{2} \over 12} - {1 \over 2}\verts{\ln\pars{{1 \over 2} + {1 \over 2}\,\ic}}^{2} \\[5mm] = &\ {\pi^{2} \over 12} - {1 \over 2}\verts{-\,{1 \over 2}\,\ln\pars{2} + {\pi \over 4}\,\ic}^{2} = {5\pi^{2} \over 96} - {\ln^{2}\pars{2} \over 8} \end{align}


Expression \eqref{1} is reduced to: $$ I \equiv \int_{0}^{1}{x\ln\pars{1 + x} \over 1 + x^{2}}\,\dd x = -\,{\pi^{2} \over 24} + {\ln^{2}\pars{2} \over 4} + \bracks{{5\pi^{2} \over 96} - {\ln^{2}\pars{2} \over 8}} = \bbx{{\phantom{^{2}}\pi^{2} \over 96} + {\ln^{2}\pars{2} \over 8}} $$
Felix Marin
  • 89,464