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I'm confused on their calculation and how they arrived at their calculation that on the second line of the image below:

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1 Answers1

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The key fact is that $$ [xy]_n = [x]_n [y]_n $$ Therefore, $$ [b]_n = [b1]_n = [b]_n [1]_n = [b]_n [cd]_n = [bcd]_n = [b]_n [c]_n [d]_n = [b]_n [a]_n [d]_n = \cdots $$

lhf
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