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The quadratic polynomial $ax^2+bx+c$ has positive coefficients $a,b,c$ in A.P. in the given order. If it has integer roots $\alpha,\beta,$ find $\alpha+\beta+\alpha \beta.$

I tried with Vieta's theorem and putting $b=\frac{a+c}{2}$ to get $\alpha+\beta+\alpha \beta=\frac{b}{a}-1=\frac{c-a}{2a}$ but couldn't arrive at a solution.

P.S. The question had the following options given of which one and only one is the correct answer (if they are of any help)-$3,5,7,14$.

Soham
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    @Nilknarf Thanks for your interest. See the edit. – Soham Jul 11 '17 at 14:43
  • Hint. You haven't used the fact that the coefficients are in A.P. Show that implies $b/a - 1 = d$, the common difference in the A.P. Since the answer can't be unique (you could just multiply through by any positive integer) the P.S. is very relevant. Perhaps now trial and error? – Ethan Bolker Jul 11 '17 at 15:02

2 Answers2

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The roots have sum $-\frac{b}{a}$ and product $\frac{c}{a}$, and these sum to $\frac{c-b}{a}=\frac{b}{a}-1$. Comparing this to the sum of the roots, $(\alpha +2)(\beta +2)=3$. As the roots are integers, $\alpha, \,\beta $ are $-1,\,1$ or $-5,\,-3$ in some order. These both give a suitable quadratic, with the desired quantity either $-1$ or $7$.

J.G.
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Unpacking J.G.'s answer for the masses:

$ax^2+bx+c$

$$\text{if} \quad (a,b,c) \quad \text{are in "AP", then} \quad $$ $$\begin{align}\begin{cases} a&=a \\ b&=a+d \\ c&=a+2d \end{cases} \ \ &\underbrace{\implies}_{\text{b is the average of a and c}} \ \ \left[\frac{a+c}{2} =\frac{2a+2d}{2}=a+d=b\right] \\ &\qquad \quad \implies \qquad \quad \ \left[c=2b-a\right]\end{align}$$

Vieta: if $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are the roots $\implies \frac{-b}{a}=\alpha + \beta$ and $\frac{c}{a}=\frac{2b-a}{a}=\alpha \beta $

$$\begin{align} \implies \alpha+\beta+\alpha \beta&=\frac{c-b}{a} \\ &=\frac{b-a}{a} \\ &=\frac{b}{a}-1 \\ &=-(\alpha+\beta)-1 \\ \alpha \beta +2(\alpha+\beta)&=-1 \\ \alpha \beta +2(\alpha +\beta)+4&=3 \\ (\alpha+2)(\beta+2)&=3=d_1 \cdot d_2 \\ \text{such that}\quad (d_1,d_2) &\in \{(1,3),(3,1),(-1,-3),(-3,-1) \\ &\begin{cases} \alpha=d_1-2 \\ \beta=d_2-2 \end{cases} \\ \text{so} \quad (\alpha,\beta)&\in\{(-1,1),(1,-1),(-3,-5),(-5,-3) \\ \implies \alpha + \beta + \alpha \beta&=-1 \quad \lor \quad 7 \end{align}$$