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Assume $a^{(p−1)(q−1)} \equiv 1 \pmod N$, and for any positive integer k where $0 < k < (p−1)(q−1)$, $a^k \neq 1 \pmod N$.

Show that for any integer s which is relatively prime to N, s can be written as $a^k \pmod\ N$ for some integer $0 \leq k < (p−1)(q−1)$.

Any hints on this?

Siong Thye Goh
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John
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