I am studying for my math course and I come across this definition. 
I am really struggling to understand the difference the parentheses make in the inequality. Can somebody please explain and why?
Thank you.
You're misreading. This whole paragraph follows the general pattern for saying two similar things at the same time.
____ X (or Y) ____ P (or Q) ____
which means both
____ X ____ P ____
and
____ Y ____ Q ____
The first inequality is only meant to appear in the first meaning, and the second (parenthesized) inequality is only meant to appear in the second meaning.
This is a shortcut used by many textbooks. We define both decreasing and strictly decreasing at the same time. Because their definitions are the same, except for the $\geq$ and $>$, the author used parentheses to differentiate between the two cases.
(f(x))in the text? – Did Nov 07 '17 at 10:23