Your trying gets a wrong inequality.
Try $c=0$ and $a=b=1$.
Let $\frac{a}{b+3c}=\frac{x^2}{4}$, $\frac{b}{c+3a}=\frac{y}{4}$ and $\frac{c}{a+3b}=\frac{z^2}{4}$, where $x$, $y$ and $z$ are non-negative numbers.
Hence, the system
$$\begin{array}{l}4a-x^2b-3x^2c=0\\-3y^2a+4b-y^2c=0\\ -z^2a-3z^2b+4c=0\\ \end{array}$$
has infinitely many solutions $(a,b,c)$,
Hence $$ \|(\begin{array}{ccc}4& -x^2 & -3x^2\\ -3y^2 & 4 & -y^2\\ -z^2 & -3z^2 & 4\end{array})\| = 0 ,$$
which gives $$3(x^2y^2+x^2z^2+y^2z^2)+7x^2y^2z^2=16$$ and we need to prove that $$x+y+z\geq3.$$
Let $x+y+z<3$, $x=kp$, $y=kq$ and $z=kr$ such that $k>0$ and $p+q+r=3$.
Hence, $k(p+q+r)<3$, which gives $0<k<1$.
Thus, $$16=3(x^2y^2+x^2z^2+y^2z^2)+7x^2y^2z^2=3k^4(p^2q^2+p^2r^2+q^2r^2)+7k^6p^2q^2r^2<$$
$$<3(p^2q^2+p^2r^2+q^2r^2)+7p^2q^2r^2.$$
But it's a contradiction because we'll prove now that
$$16\geq3(p^2q^2+p^2r^2+q^2r^2)+7p^2q^2r^2$$ for all non-negatives $p$, $q$ and $r$ such that $p+q+r=3$.
Indeed, let $p+q+r=3u$, $pq+pr+qr=3v^2$ and $pqr=w^3$.
Hence, $16\geq3(p^2q^2+p^2r^2+q^2r^2)+7p^2q^2r^2\Leftrightarrow f(w^3)\leq0$, where $f$ is a convex function.
Hence, by $uvw$ it remains to check two cases.
- $w^3=0$.
Let $r=0$.
We need to prove that $$16\geq3p^2q^2,$$ which is true because $$p^2q^2\leq\frac{(p+q)^4}{16}=\frac{81}{16}<\frac{16}{3}.$$
- $q=r$.
After homogenization we can assume $q=r=1$ and it remains to prove that
$$\frac{16(p+2)^6}{729}\geq7p^2+\frac{(2p^2+1)(p+2)^2}{3}$$ or
$(p-1)^2(8p^4+112p^3+453p^2+1102p+26)\geq0$, which is obvious.
Done!