are there any theorems that give us any conditions to know if a linear subspace $E$ plus its orthogonal complement span the whole vector space?
For exemple, I know that in $\mathbb{R}[X]$, the complement orthogonal of the hyperspace $Span(1+X, 1+X^2, ...)$ is $\{0\}$ and thus the sum does not span the whole space
Thanks !