Sample Problem:
A well can supply 50 laborers per day. 40 laborers can build a new well in five days, up to 10 total. Each laborer can complete 1 stone per day. The new temple needs 5000 stones. *** What is the most efficient way to get to 5000 stones?
This one is simple, but the idea can get very complex. Is there a branch of mathematics that helps solve problems like this? I don't know where to look to start studying.