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Please, how find the limit of

$$\lim \limits_{(x,y) \to (0,0)}\frac{e^{-1/(x^2+y^2)}}{x^4+y^4}$$

So i tried to substitute t

$$\lim \limits_{t \to 0^+}\frac{e^{-1/t}}{t^2}$$

I substituted a=1/t

$$\lim \limits_{a \to \infty}\frac{a^2}{e^a}=0$$

Before asking, I tried using polar coordinates

$$\lim \limits_{r \to 0}\frac{e^{-1/r^2}}{r^4(sin^4\theta+cos^4\theta)}$$

G1234
  • 33

2 Answers2

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We have that

$$\frac{e^{-1/(x^2+y^2)}}{x^4+y^4}=\frac{e^{-1/(x^2+y^2)}}{(x^2+y^2)^2}\frac{(x^2+y^2)^2}{x^4+y^4} \to 0$$

indeed for $t=x^2+y^2 \to 0^+$ $$\frac{e^{-\frac1t}}{t^2}\to 0$$

and by polar coordinates

$$0\le \frac{(x^2+y^2)^2}{x^4+y^4}=\frac{1}{\cos^4 \theta+\sin^4 \theta}\le M\in\mathbb{R}$$

which is indeed bounded

user
  • 154,566
1

Polar coordinates are also a good approach here, but maybe a bit more work than necessary.

Note that $$\sin^4t+\cos^4t = (\sin^2t + \cos^2t)^2-2\sin^2t\cos^2 t = 1 - \frac 12 \sin^2(2t) \\ \implies \frac 12\leq \sin^4t+\cos^4t\leq 1$$ and thus

$$\frac{e^{-1/r^2}}{r^4(\sin^4\theta+\cos^4\theta)} \leq \frac{2}{r^4e^{1/r^2}}.$$

Now, since $r^5e^{1/r^2}\to \infty$ as $r\to 0^+$, there is $\delta'>0$ such that $$0<r<\delta' \implies r^5e^{1/r^2} > 2 \implies \frac{2}{r^4e^{1/r^2}} < r.$$

Finally, choose $\delta = \min\{\delta',\varepsilon\}$ to conclude that $$0<\sqrt{x^2+y^2}<\delta \implies 0 < r < \delta \implies |f(x,y)|<\varepsilon.$$

Ennar
  • 23,082