Define $f:\mathbb{R}\setminus\{\pm1,\pm3\}\to\mathbb{R}$ by $$f(x):=\frac{1}{\log_2\big((x-2)^2\big)}+\frac{1}{\log_2\big((x+2)^2\big)}$$ for all real numbers $x\neq \pm1,\pm2,\pm3$, and $f(\pm 2)$ is defined to be $\dfrac14$. Note that $f$ is a continuous even function (i.e., $f(-x)=f(x)$). Therefore, it suffices to solve $f(x)=y$ for $x\geq 0$.
Observe that $f$ is strictly increasing on $[0,1)$ with local minimum $f(0)=1$ and without upper bound. Also, $f$ is strictly increasing on $(1,2]$, with local maximum $f(2)=\dfrac14$ and without lower bound. On $[2,3)$, $f$ is strictly decreasing with local maximum $f(2)=\dfrac14$ and without lower bound. Then, $f$ is strictly decreasing on $(3,\infty)$ with local infimum $\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\,f(x)=0$ and without upper bound. I leave the proof of the above analysis to you.
Hence, for any real number $y$, the number $n(y)$ of $x\in\mathbb{R}$ such that $f(x)=y$ is
$$n(y)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
4&\text{if }y>1\,,\\
3&\text{if }y=1\,,\\
2&\text{if }\frac14< y<1\,,\\
4&\text{if }y=\frac14\,,\\
6&\text{if }0<y<\frac14\,,\\
4&\text{if }y\leq 0\,.
\end{array}\right.$$
In particular, $n\left(\dfrac{5}{12}\right)=2$. Since $x=\pm6$ are solutions to $f(x)=\dfrac{5}{12}$, they are the only solutions.