So after the quaternions came to my knowledge, I wonder if you could go any further with the complexity. Turns out you can with the octonions(8D numbers) and sedenions(16D numbers). But are there 32D numbers, 64D numbers, etc.?
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1Yes. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley%E2%80%93Dickson_construction to see what properties are lost with each doubling. – GEdgar Dec 05 '18 at 01:32
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I'm already not aware of any applications of the sedenions whatsoever (the octonions have some interesting applications to constructing exceptional Lie groups), so I don't particularly see a need to go any farther in this direction. In a related direction you could learn about rings in general, which have many applications: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_theory – Qiaochu Yuan Dec 05 '18 at 01:36