We start with $$a + \frac 1b = b + \frac 1c = c + \frac 1a$$
This makes three equalities:
\begin{align}a + \frac 1b &= b + \frac 1c\tag{1}\\
b + \frac 1c &= c + \frac 1a\tag{2}\\
c + \frac 1a &= a + \frac 1b\tag{3}\end{align}
First consider equation $(1)$ $$a + \frac 1b = b + \frac 1c$$ which can be rearranged to give \begin{align}a + \frac 1b &= b + \frac 1c\\
a-b&=\frac 1c -\frac 1b\\
&=\frac{b-c}{bc}\end{align}
Similarly, from equation $(2)$, we can see that $$b-c=\frac{c-a}{ac}$$ and thus \begin{align}a-b&=\frac{b-c}{bc}\\
&=\frac{\frac{c-a}{ac}}{bc}\\
&=\frac{c-a}{abc^2}\end{align}
Finally, from equation $(3)$, we get $$c-a=\frac{a-b}{ab}$$ and thus \begin{align}a-b&=\frac{c-a}{abc^2}\\
&=\frac{\frac{a-b}{ab}}{abc^2}\\
&=\frac{a-b}{a^2b^2c^2}\end{align}
We can now rearrange this as follows (when $a\neq b$) \begin{align}a-b&=\frac{a-b}{a^2b^2c^2}\\
(a-b)(a^2b^2c^2)&=a-b\\
a^2b^2c^2&=\frac{a-b}{a-b}\\
a^2b^2c^2&=1\\
\sqrt{a^2b^2c^2}&=\sqrt1\\
\sqrt{a^2}\sqrt{b^2}\sqrt{c^2}&=\pm1\tag{$*$}\\
abc&=\pm1\end{align}
where $(*)$ comes from the fact that $\sqrt{a\cdot b} =\sqrt{a}\cdot\sqrt{b}$