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How would I go about finding the sum of this series? $$\sum_{n=2}^\infty \frac{n(n-1)}{2^{n-2}}$$

S L
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Billy Thompson
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1 Answers1

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Hint: for $|x|<1$, $$\sum_{n=0}^\infty x^n = \frac{1}{1-x},$$ so $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty nx^{n-1}=???$$ and $$\sum_{n=2}^\infty n(n-1)x^{n-2}=???$$


Differentiate twice to get $$\sum_{n=2}^\infty n(n-1)x^{n-2}=\frac{2}{(1-x)^3},$$ and put $x=\frac{1}{2}$.

wj32
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  • I"m sorry, I don't understand how this helps edit: nvm thanks a lot – Billy Thompson Mar 31 '13 at 09:56
  • To get it clear: Since the geometric series is absolutely convergent (if |x|<1), one can change the order of differentiation and summation? – gofvonx Mar 31 '13 at 10:04
  • @LeoSti: There are various ways to look at this, but yes, it's because a power series is uniformly convergent on $[-r+\varepsilon,r-\varepsilon]$ for any $\varepsilon>0$, where $r$ is the radius of convergence. See Theorem 8.1 in Baby Rudin. – wj32 Mar 31 '13 at 10:07