Assuming the "no re-lighting" restriction means this:
At time $0$, you are allowed to set fire to any finite number of positions, each position $\in [0,1]$ along the rope, simultaneously. However you are not allowed to set more fires at any time $t > 0$.
Then measuring $15$ minutes is impossible. Consider any set of positions $x_1 < x_2 < \dots < x_n$. Then:
If $x_1 = 0$, construct a rope that burns instantly beyond $x_2$, and we are now reduced to the remaining rope burning at both ends, measuring $30$ minutes.
if $x_1 > 0$, construct a rope that burns instantly beyond $x_1$, and we are now reduced to the remaining rope burning at one end, measuring $60$ minutes.
In other words, for any set of positions determined at time $0$, there exists a rope for which the set of positions measures either $30$ or $60$ minutes, but not $15$ minutes. Since you don't know what rope you're getting to begin with, this proves no algorithm will work for all ropes.