I can solve this for $n \leq \sqrt{2}x < n +1$:
$$n \leq \sqrt{2}x < n +1 \iff n^2 \leq 2x^2 < n^2 + 2n + 1$$
We're looking for
$$h(x)=\min_{n\leq 2x} \big( 2x^2 - n^2 > 0 \lor 2x^2=n^2 \big)$$
But I don't know how to do it when I can't get rid of the irrational factor. Help!