I'm confused what exactly is happening in the following proof of Lemma 4.3 (Lemma 1.5 and Exercise 4.5 are also attached as they are apparently used in this proof). In particular, what does the integration process actually prove? How does it prove what we want? I would imagine that we would take a general geodesic and show that it looks like an exponential.
Is there perhaps a more direct way to prove the result that geodesics in compact Lie groups look like exponential maps? I do apologize in advance - I have little background knowledge in this area of math, and am trying to understand this result as it is used in the proof of Bott-Periodicity. These images are taken from Dietmar Salamon's 'Notes on Compact Lie Groups' (link: https://people.math.ethz.ch/~salamon/PREPRINTS/liegroup.pdf)



