I'm having trouble relating the content on these notes
to these ones from MIT OCW
here.
Specifically, the question I'm having is the first set of notes describes the specific half space where $a^Tx \leq a^T x_0$ and the second concludes that any one of the half spaces must include $C$.
Generally, I'm having trouble visualizing this for all $a$. Does the theorem assume the same $a$ for all boundary points?