What is this "1" in this stiffness matrix?
$$K_e= \frac{E^e A^e 1}{L^e} \begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\1&-1\end{bmatrix}$$
eq. 6, p. 2.
Typo or some kind of indicator perhaps? I don't see it significant, because even without it, it expresses the system of eqs 3 and 4.