Can someone provide a proof for the following theorem and explain why $R$ is exactly the definition of restricting a linear mapping (operator) like $A$$V$ --> $V$, where $V$ is a finite-dimensional space, in an invariant subspace such as $S$; symbolically shown as $A|S$?
Theroem: Consider the mapping $A$ with the invariant subspace $S$. Then, for matrix $T$ constructed by the basis of $S$, there exists a square matrix $R$ such that $A T = T R$