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I wish to state the contrapositive of:

If $a$ is a real number such that $|a| < r$ for every positive real number $r$, then $a=0.$

First, I want to state the original statement symbolically.

$\exists a \in \mathbb{R} (\forall r \in \mathbb{R}^+ (|a| < r \implies a = 0))$

Afterwards, we then can take the contrapositive:

$\forall a \in \mathbb{R}(\exists r \in \mathbb{R}^+ (a \neq 0 \implies |a| \ge r))$

The thing I am most concerned about are the quantifiers of $a$. Please let me know what you think of my attempt.

1 Answers1

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You have arrived at a common misconception.

The "If $a$ is a real number..." part (and variations thereof), are almost always equivalent to the phrasing (and variations thereof).

"Let $a$ be a real number..."

Then there is in fact no quantifier to change for that part and your statement becomes:

Let $a$ be a real number such that $|a|<r$ for every positive real number $r$, then $a=0$.

Then the contrapositive is:

If $a \neq 0$, then there exists a positive real number $r$ such that $|a| \geq r$.

Derek Luna
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  • Can you elaborate on why there is no quantifier change? – polite proofs Jan 15 '21 at 07:59
  • It is simply a matter of phrasing in math that needs to be abolished for this very reason. All that is going on is this: If $a$ is a real number where $x \implies y$, the contrapositive is if $a$ is a real number not $y \implies$ not $x$. – Derek Luna Jan 15 '21 at 08:03
  • But I don't understand. I was taught that when taking a contrapositive, I should negate the quantifiers as well. How can I know when to negate the quantifiers, and when not to? – polite proofs Jan 15 '21 at 08:04